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Sandeep, S.
- Mineralogy of Kaolin Clays in Different forest Ecosystems of Southern Western Ghats, India
Abstract Views :232 |
PDF Views:93
Authors
S. Sandeep
1,
M. P. Sujatha
1
Affiliations
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 5 (2014), Pagination: 875-882Abstract
Random X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify 1 : 1 clay minerals in soils of five different forest ecosystems such as moist deciduous forests, evergreen forests, shola forests, grasslands and scrub jungles in the southern Western Ghats, India. The study sites experience a humid tropical climate with intense leaching and weathering, except scrub jungle which lies in the rain shadow area of the Western Ghats. XRD analyses of air-dried samples, confirmatory tests using formamide intercalation and SEM could establish kaolinite-halloysite coexistence in clay fractions of three different ecosystems of the Western Ghats. Earlier studies on clay mineralogy in the region failed to establish such coexistence because of the relative metastable nature of halloysite with respect to kaolinite. The identification of soil systems with metastable minerals like halloysite presents interesting possibilities of further studies vis-à-vis soil genesis and management in the tropics.Keywords
forest Ecosystems, Halloysite, Kaolinite, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction.Full Text
- Mineralogical Transformations under Fire in the Montane Grassland Systems of the Southern Western Ghats, India
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:80
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, KSCSTE – Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, IN
1 Department of Soil Science, KSCSTE – Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 966-971Abstract
Forest systems in the Western Ghats region have undergone significant transformations over the past century and wild fires are considered as a major factor for such modifications. Apart from natural fires, prescribed fire is also adopted as a management strategy in some of the forest types in the region. The present study evaluated the impact of prescribed fires on soil components in the high-altitude montane grassland systems of the southern Western Ghats. Fireinduced mineral transformations were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermodynamic parameters. Organic carbon content which determines key soil functions was found to reduce from 1.96% before fire and stabilize at 1.48% in soils following fire. XRD and TGA–DTA analyses indicated that major changes in soil during fire occurred between 70°C and 110°C, 250°C and 320°C as well as 430°C and 500°C, corresponding to loss of interlayer water from phyllosilicate minerals, modification of gibbsite to amorphous minerals and goethite to hematite, and transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite respectively. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) estimated from the DSC curves showed that such transformation had positive enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) values; hence they are not spontaneous or reversible by themselves.Keywords
Clay Minerals, Forest Fire, Montane Grassland Systems, Thermodynamics.Full Text
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- Impact of Floods and Landslides on Beneficial Soil Microbes and Nutrients in Selected High Ranges of Kerala, India
Abstract Views :51 |
PDF Views:38
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur 680 656, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur 680 656, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 125, No 8 (2023), Pagination: 878-885Abstract
To ascertain the impacts of flood-affected and landslide-impacted soils on the microbial community and soil nutrient status, an assessment between disturbed and undisturbed soils was conducted. Without discernible differences between soils impacted by flooding and landslides, the total bacterial and fungal population had decreased in disturbed soils. The lack of organic carbon and copper in flood-affected soils profoundly impacted the bacterial population. The disturbed soils were found to have reduced organic carbon, nitrogen and micronutrients. The microbial isolates that persisted even in these degraded conditions may be considered potential bioagents for the restoration of disturbed soils.Keywords
Floods, High-Range Areas, Landslides, Microbial Community, Soil Nutrients.Full Text
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